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J. Philippe Rushton’s genetic similarity theory (Rushton, Russell and Wells 1984; Rushton 1989) expands Hamiltonian kin selection and asserts that individuals have evolved to display non-reciprocal altruism towards other individuals in proportion to their genetic-relatedness. On this basis, Salter (2006) argues that all humans have a vital interest in genetic continuity that is threatened by mass migration and proposes Universal Nationalism. In support of Salter's argument, Vanhanen (1999) found that the correlation between ethnic heterogeneity and institutionalized ethnic conflict was 0.73.

The male contingent of a man's in-group is his own dominance hiearchy. Individuals of a different nationality or race will clearly be from a different dominance hierarchy, so race/nationality acts as an in-group/out-group marker. In-group/out-group biases imply that men have a strong sense of identity with their own nationality/race, and tend to act so as to exclude others. See Tajfel (1978, 1981, 1982); Tajfel and Turner (1986).

Vanhanen (1999) found that ethnic heterogeneity was strongly correlated with institutionalized ethnic conflict. For example, to take the extremes, North Korea, South Korea and Lesotho were low in both ethnic heterogeneity and ethnic conflict, whilst Sudan was high in both.

Vanhanen (1999)

Schneider (2008) found a non-linear relationship between outgroup size and perceived ethnic threat.

Schneider (2008)

1. There are no constraints to social mobility imposed by either of the two groups involved and sooner or later the minority ceases to exist. An example would be some immigrant ethnic groups in the United States.
2. The people who moved from one group to another may well interact in their new setting in many ways which are 'free of constraints', but they have not been fully accepted by the majority.
3. 'Illegitimate' assimilation, hiding one's origins in order to 'pass'.
4. Some sociologists refer to this very different type of assimilation as 'accommodation' or 'social competition'. The minority attempt to retain their own identity and separateness while at the same time becoming more like the majority in their opportunities of achieving goals and marks of respect which are generally valued by the society at large.

Male reaction to male immigration
Every male feels a strong sense of identity with members of his own dominance hierarchy, and will tend to act so as to exclude other men (the out-group). Males of a different race will clearly be members of the out-group.

Male reaction to female immigration
Men may appreciate the exotic fruit.

Female reaction to male immigration
Women are deeply suspicious of most men, foreign men in particular.

Female reaction to female immigration
Fairly equitable on a friendship level, but would not appreciate the love-rivals.

The table below shows increasing genetic distance from the English (Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi and Piazza 1994).

The table below shows ethnic heterogeneity and ethnic conflicts during the period 1990-1996 in order of increasing ethnic heterogeneity (Vanhanen 1999).

Glossary

in-group

A group of people in which all members feel a strong sense of identity with the group, foster a sense of elitism about the group and tend to act so as to exclude others (the out-group).

out-group

A group comprised of all people who do not belong to a specific in-group.

dominance hierarchy

A form of animal social structure that exists when a group of individuals belonging to the same species share a territory and a ranking exists, with each animal dominant over those below it and submissive to those above it. Dominance-submission signalling goes on between the animals. Dominance hierarchies occur in most social animal species, such as primates, wolves and birds, notably chickens (‘pecking order’). In human beings, men exist in a dominance hierarchy. A man’s rank in the dominance hierarchy will be correlated with height, muscularity, symmetry, attractiveness, intelligence, income and willingness to take risks.

Links

• Google Directory: Immigration
• Wikipedia: Immigration
• http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=immigration
• VDARE.com
• Migration Watch UK
• Optimum Population Trust
• Gaia Watch
• UCL: Department of Economics: Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM)
• UCL: Department of Geography: Migration Research Unit

Bibliography

• BROWNE, Anthony, 2005. Do We Need Mass Immigration? Second edition.
• CAVALLI-SFORZA, L. Luca, Paolo MENOZZI and Alberto PIAZZA, 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• CONWAY, David, 2007. A Nation of Immigrants? A Brief Demographic History of Britain. London: Civitas.
• GIJSBERTS, Mrove, Louk HAGENDOORN, and Peer SCHEEPERS, eds., 2004. Nationalism and Exclusion of Migrants: Cross-National Comparisons. Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
• McGREGOR, Alan, The Evolutionary Function of Prejudice.
• MOTE, Ashley, 2003. OverCrowded Britain: Our Immigration Crisis Exposed.
• RUSHTON, J. Philippe, 1989. Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(3), 503–559.
• RUSHTON, J. Philippe, Robin J. H. RUSSELL, and Pamela A. WELLS, 1984. Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection. Behavior Genetics, 14(3), 179–193.
• SALTER, Frank, 2006. On Genetic Interests: Family, Ethny, and Humanity in an Age of Mass Migration. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Originally published: Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Publishing, 2003.
• SCHNEIDER, Silke L., 2008. Anti-Immigrant Attitudes in Europe: Outgroup Size and Perceived Ethnic Threat, European Sociological Review, 24(1).
• TAJFEL, Henri, 1978. The Social Psychology of Minorities. London: Minority Rights Group.
• TAJFEL, Henri, 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• TAJFEL, Henri, ed., 1982. Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• TAJFEL, Henri, and John C. TURNER, 1986. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Stephen WORCHEL and William G. AUSTIN, eds. Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, pp. 7–24.
• VANHANEN, Tatu, 1999. Ethnic Conflicts Explained by Ethnic Nepotism. Volume 7 of Research in Biopolitics. Stamford, Connecticut: Jai Press.

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